Albert CardonaHaving red Nick Davies' book "Cuckoo: Cheating by Nature" [1], this paper is even more interesting:
"Categorical identity signatures can reduce host error rates during brood parasitism", Dixit et al. 2026 https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3003667
"The African cuckoo finch Anomalospiza imberbis parasitizes several host species, each of which has evolved inter-individual variation in egg appearance (“egg signatures”) that facilitates recognition and rejection of mimetic cuckoo finch eggs. We demonstrate that egg signature traits in one host species, the zitting cisticola Cisticola juncidis, are categorically distributed. Field experiments reveal that zitting cisticolas make fewer Type II errors (accepting parasitic eggs) and Type I errors (rejecting their own eggs) than hosts exhibiting continuous variation. This challenges the long-standing expectation (from classification models, statistics, and signal detection theory) of a strict trade-off between these two error types."
[1] https://uk.bookshop.org/p/books/cuckoo-cheating-by-nature-nick-davies/2880037