Okay so let's write this down to think it though.
The latest smoke detector to howl pointlessly into the night sends out 11.3V DC onto the signal pin when triggered but running off batteries. I suspect that's 12V nominal, and it probably delivers 12V when operating on AC power.
Most importantly, it's not like... 500mv. Or AC. Or complicated. It's simple DC.
When acting as a non-reporting _satellite_ node, it triggers when _receiving_ 4V DC on the signal pin (4.0 exactly), and that voltage is polarity sensitive. -4V doesn't trigger the alarm.
(1/n)

