Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of inducing wakefulness activate distinct neural populations in the mouse brain

Wakefulness arises from multiple neuronal systems but it is unclear whether the same or different neurons are activated during pharmacological or non-pharmacological intervention. This study uses the TRAP2 mouse model to examine whole-brain activation patterns and shows that solriamfetol, modafinil and nonpharmacological arousal recruit overlapping but distinct subcortical populations.