Robert Michels Was a Flawed Theorist of Political Oligarchy https://jacobin.com/2024/04/robert-michels-oligarchy-political-parties-spd

Robert Michels Was a Flawed Theorist of Political Oligarchy
In his book Political Parties, Robert Michels argued that mass movements have a natural tendency to develop undemocratic structures. Michels had some sharp insights into the nature of bureaucracy, but his “iron law of oligarchy” was seriously flawed.