Le #CovidLong est à la fois très vaste et unique, que ce soit par l'action du virus, certains dommages ou symptomatologies, mais aussi par les maladies qu'il provoque, qui présentent des patterns particuliers.
#VasteEtUnique à la fois.

https://radiologybusiness.com/topics/clinical/COVID-19/photo-gallery-what-does-acute-covid-19-and-long-covid-look-medical-imaging

PHOTO GALLERY: What does acute COVID-19 and long COVID look like on medical imaging?

This image gallery shows what the various clinical presentations associated with the COVID-19 and long COVID that have been documented during and after coronavirus pandemic.

Radiology Business

Thread d'autodéfense médicale pour le #LongCovidAwareness

1) Une persistance inhabituelle.

Persistance de la spike dans l'axe crane / cerveau / méninges (note : la vaccination baisse cette persistance de 50%) :
https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(24)00438-4

Persistence of spike protein at the skull-meninges-brain axis may contribute to the neurological sequelae of COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to long-lasting neurological sequelae, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. Rong et al. report that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein persists in the skull-meninges-brain axis, inducing inflammation, neurodegeneration-related changes, and increasing the brain’s vulnerability to further injury.

Cell Host & Microbe

Persistance dans l'utérus, et dans différents tissus du tube digestif
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(24)00171-3/fulltext
ou encore https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10769582/

Persistance dans les plaquettes et les megakaryocites, équipe M.Bomsel, étude présentée au CROI https://www.croiconference.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/posters/2024/347.pdf

2) Des effets spécifiques liés aux particularités du virus.

L'action de la fibrine sur la thrombo-inflammation et la neuropathologie dans le COVID-19, et le lien avec le "brain fog":
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07873-4

Fibrin drives thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19 - Nature

Fibrin drives inflammation and neuropathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and fibrin-targeting immunotherapy may represent a therapeutic intervention for patients with long COVID.

Nature
T cell-driven sustained inflammation and immune dysregulation mimicking immunosenescence for up to three years post-COVID-19 - Immunity & Inflammation

Long COVID has emerged as a major global health concern, yet the long-term trajectory of immune recovery and its contribution to persistent symptoms remain to be elucidated. Here, we conducted a three-year longitudinal follow-up of the 47 COVID-19 patients and applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and multiplex cytokine profiling to comprehensively characterize the peripheral immune landscape during convalescence. We observed persistent immune dysregulation up to three years post-infection, characterized by chronic inflammation and impaired restoration of naïve CD4⁺ T cells, naïve CD8⁺ T cells, and SLC4A10⁺ MAIT cells—features reminiscent of immunosenescence. Notably, Th17 cells, rather than monocytes, emerged as key drivers of chronic inflammation beyond one year. We identified two distinct Th17 subsets: RORC⁺ Th17 cells and LTB⁺ Th17 cells. While RORC⁺ Th17 cells were negatively correlated with inflammatory cytokine levels, LTB⁺ Th17 cells showed proinflammatory features and were positively associated with long COVID symptoms. Sustained elevation of S100A8 and IL-16 in follow-up patients may contribute to the persistent presence of LTB⁺ Th17 cells. Together, our study provides an in-depth longitudinal map of immune remodeling in COVID-19 convalescents, revealing key cellular and molecular drivers of sustained inflammation up to three years post-infection.

SpringerLink

3) Covid Long cardiovasculaire : un ensemble de complications et de pathologies cardiologiques qui sont trop larges pour être toutes décrites, représentant un fardeau unique.

https://academic.oup.com/eurjpc/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf540/8255559

Avec des anomalies qui touchent aussi les enfants : https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/2015396584406548657.html

Cardiovascular disease prevention and management in COVID-19: a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions, the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions, and the Heart Failure Association of the ESC

Abstract. The coronavirus-associated disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed significant challenges due to the complex interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infe

OUP Academic

Avec un vieillissement vasculaire:

https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/46/39/3905/8236450

Des PoTS présentant des mécanismes particuliers,

Des troubles de la coagulation marqués, des microcaillots de fibrine amyloïde :(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35195253/ et https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-024-01980-0)

4) Pour le COVID Long neuro.

une augmentation de la protéine Tau phosphorylée :
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(25)00556-0/fulltext

Une fusion neuronale :
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37285437/

5) Des perturbations & dommages organiques faisant partie intégrante de la pathologie, exemples.

Une fatigue liée aux défects pulmonaires (ici chez les enfants#COVIDlong) : https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiol.241596

Un impact sur le pancréas lié au microvasculaire : https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article/74/3/355/157642/SARS-CoV-2-Spike-S1-Subunit-Triggers-Pericyte-and

6) D'autres organes touchés de façon inhabituelle.

Une perturbation de la thyroïde (et déclenchement de certaines perturbations auto-immunes liées), ici :
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39967901/

Des complications hépatiques fréquentes :
https://www.emjreviews.com/hepatology/news/post-covid-liver-complications-revealed/

Thyroid function during COVID-19 and post-COVID complications in adults: a systematic review - PubMed

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, has presented multifaceted health challenges. COVID-19 primarily targets the respiratory system but also affects multiple organ systems, including the endocrine system. …

PubMed

Un COVID long rénal :
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590059525000755

Un effet pro fibrotique et prothrombotique du virus, favorisant encore les caillots et les dommages organiques (ici pulmonaires) :
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-025-02090-9

7) Le COVID long se présente parfois aussi sous la forme de déclenchement de maladies pré-existantes mais atypiques, avec des comportements particuliers liés au COVID long.

Par exemple, de nouveaux types de diabètes:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-026-07717-x

The silent epidemic within the pandemic: pathophysiology and prediction of post-COVID-19 diabetes - Journal of Translational Medicine

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented extraordinary challenges to global public health, with impacts reaching beyond acute respira

SpringerLink

Des myocardites chroniques liées autant à des nécroses qu'à des comportements inflammatoires classiques => pas similaire aux myocardites post-virales classiques :

https://www.jacc.org/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jacc.2025.09.981

8) Le COVID long c'est aussi des réinfections fréquentes, avec des enfants d'aujourd'hui qui auront peut-être cumulé 20+ infections à l'âge adulte.

Réinfections qui augmentent les risques de dommages supplémentaires et de complications associées :
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(25)00476-1/fulltext

Long COVID associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among children and adolescents in the omicron era (RECOVER-EHR): a retrospective cohort study

Children and adolescents face a significantly higher risk of various PASC outcomes after reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. These findings add to previous evidence linking paediatric long COVID to multisystem effects and highlight the need to promote vaccination in younger populations and support ongoing research to better understand PASC, identify high-risk subgroups, and improve prevention and care strategies.

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Le CL tue aussi (5000 décès officiels aux USA fin 2023), de très diverses manières. On a besoin de #biomarqueurs & monitoring en urgence.
💓 #LongCovidHeartbeats : chaque battement compte.

Le #CovidLong n’exclut personne. C’est une pathologie vaste, unique et multisystémique.