Perfect tense is the default tense to recall past events in Ru̇u̇ťalis, unlike English, where simple past is typically used for this purpose.

To put a phrase into perfect tense, the verb is replaced by hefa (to have) + the perfect participle infinitive form of the original verb.

Compare this present-tense sentence...

Di Maavie na Zup bru̇u̇fet.
ART.F.DEF maid-ERG ART.N.INDEF soup-ABS brew-3S
The maid cooks a soup.

... to this perfect-tense sentence:

Di Maavie na Zup heft gebru̇u̇fa.
ART.F.DEF maid-ERG ART.N.INDEF soup-ABS have-3S PPART-brew-PPART
The maid cooked a soup.

#lang_ruut #ruutalis #linguistics #conlang #conlanging #conlangs