https://www.powermag.com/securing-the-power-grid-cybersecurity-strategies-for-smart-energy-systems/
"dispersed nature of #smartgrids, with thousands of interconnected devices like #smartmeters, #sensors, and distributed energy resources #DER's, creates a vast attack surface. For #substations, many operate #legacysystems (such as supervisory control and data acquisition #SCADA, which are essential for monitoring and control, and are prime targets."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352467725001778
Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, Volume 43, September 2025
"a systematic #cybersecurity assessment of a #digitalsubstation…A testbed was developed to assess the different attack vectors with a focus on targeting #virtualmachines #resourceexhaustion and #injectionattacks…use case was successfully demonstrated with multiple targeted cyber attacks on the testbed where the non-attacked IED successfully cleared the grid fault."
rexi