charrveinHighland springs, north Iceland.
Underground streams break out from underneath leaky strata. In this case ice-age moraines, but in others lavafields.
The springs harbour live and the underground rivers have microorganisms and top predator in small freshwater amphipods
Only endemic invertebrates in iceland, that have lived through couple of Ice-ages (>5 million years)
#CrangonyxIslandicus
#ecology #springs #iceland #amphipods #limnology #evolution #phylogeography
