List of great scientific theories - what are your favorites?

(I’m curious to follow up on the discovery stories behind them). To kick things off:

Gravity, planetary motion (ptolomy > copernicus > newton > einstein)

Temperature (galileo > celcius/farenheit > thompson aka kelvin (themodynamics) > statistical mechanics

Genetic code / central dogma (DNA > mRNA > protein)

Neuron doctrine (cajal vs golgi)

Neurons communicate via chemical transmission (dale/eccles)

Memory engrams (semon …)

#science #neuroscience #philosophy #history