In an EMA study with 6 measurement bouts over 6 months (2021-2022), we tested both momentary and stable individual and contextual predictors of daily adherence to hygiene and distancing recommendations.
We also found interactions in that individual determinants such as intentions were more predictive of adherence in situations with regulations in place:
...and situational regulations were predictive of hygiene and distancing adherence over individual motivation. This finding and the interactions suggest that the "personal responsibility" narrative alone does not ensure adherence to highly effective and low-cost NPIs. Instead, having rules and regulations in place and enforcing them supports individuals in translating motivation into actual behavior. https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2023-89450-001.html