#DirectedEvolution is a powerful method but has not been easy to do with gigantic #nonribosomal biocatalysts that make important #antibiotics. We have developed a #microfluidics screen that uses liposomes as sensors for membrane active peptides. Bacteria are grown in tiny droplets. If they make gramicidin S, the sensor liposomes burst, liberate calcein, and generate fluorescence. This was tested for screening mutants and may become a useful tool for directed evolution. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523969v1