🧠 New study by Johnston, Kirschhock & Nieder (Nature Comm., 2025): Carrion #crows 🐦⬛ estimate time intervals 🕠 using abstract magnitude coding in the nidopallium caudolaterale (avian “prefrontal” #cortex). NCL neurons tuned to 1.5 s, 3 s & 6 s wait times predicted intended duration, independent of cues. This demonstrates that sophisticated timing is possible – even without a #neocortex.
Reward, Resistance, and Responsibility: The Brain’s Circuitry of Motivation and Control
#BrainCircuits #Neuroscience #DecisionMaking #BasalGanglia #Dopamine #Neocortex #Amygdala #Learning #Motivation #Addiction #NeuroscienceExplained #BrainScience #NeuralPathways #MindAndBehavior