Medieval Aqueduct, Perugia, Italy
© Sean Pavone/Getty Images
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Medieval towers in Mestia, Upper Svaneti, Georgia
© photoaliona/Getty Images
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The Old Norse didn't see the world as an endless array of possibilities -- as far as they were concerned, all roads led to Ragnarök. But they didn't take this as an excuse for passivity or apathy. If you wanted respect and honour, you would toil on, even if you were literally doomed to fail.

Is this an entirely consistent position? Maybe not, but it's key to understanding Viking culture and mythology.

For a general overview of the Viking mindset, read Master of Mischief Part II, "Prophesy and Fate": https://unaverdandi.com/2016/08/15/prophesy-and-fate/

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Master of Mischief, Part II: Prophesy and Fate

They say you should keep your friends close and your enemies closer still, and Loki is about the worst enemy you could ever possibly have—but not strictly because of his character. As troublesome a…

Una Verdandi, author & artist