"The [Roman Empire] collegia were the forerunner of societies of workmen and artisans which organisations, through various periods of rise and decline, finally after eighteen hundred years of constant evolution have culminated in Freemasonry."
D. Darrah, The History and Evolution of Freemasonry, 1954.
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Today we have degrees, diplomas, and certificates to testify to the bearers' educational background. In early times, such printed means of recognition were lacking, and reliance was placed on certain signs, grips, and passwords as a means of identification. Remnants of this ancient custom exist in symbolical form in Freemasonry today.
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"Masonry is the activity of closely united men who, employing symbolic forms borrowed principally from the mason's trade and from architecture, work for the welfare of mankind, striving morally to ennoble themselves and others, and thereby bring about a universal league of Mankind, which they aspire to exhibit even now on a small scale."
Joseph Fort Newton, The Builders, 1951.
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"Man is inherently an inquisitive and social being. He inquires into the nature of things which interest him [...] He does not like to be alone [...] It is therefore natural that his curiosity should be attracted to a fraternal organisation which advocates and promotes friendship, morality, and harmony among human associations [...] Freemasonry.
What is Freemasonry, Robert Lewinski, 1961 / 1973.
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Although considered by some a repressive regime, Cuba is probably the only dictatorial country where Freemasonry is an accepted part of society. The Grand Lodge of Cuba was constituted on 5 December 1859 and today comprises 319 Lodges, 73 in Havanna, as well as Lodges in Florida, Jamaica, Trinidad, and at least three in Guántanamo.
Rumours that Che Guevara and Fidel Castro were Freemasons are unlikely to be based in truth.
The Most Ancient Order of Suastuca (Brotherhood of the Mystic Cross) is a secret society akin to Freemasonry and indigenous to China said to have been founded in 1027 BCE and introduced into China in 975 BCE. It works three Degrees: Apprentice Brother; Tao Sze (Doctors of Reason); Grand Master. The meetings are referred to as Tents rather than Lodges.
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The Grand Orient of France instituted the Lodge "L'Etoile du Pacifique" in Chile on 12 September 1851, although it is thought at least one Lodge existed around 1840.
La Gran Logia de Chile was constituted on Saturday, 24 May 1862 and presently has 228 Lodges.
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The Latin register of William Molart, prior of Canterbury, records a 'respectable Lodge' being called in 1429 under the patronage of Henry Chichely, the Archbishop of Canterbury, comprising Thomas Stapylton as Master, John Morris as Warden, fifteen Fellow Craft and three Entered Apprentice Masons, all named. Chichely is claimed to have been Grand Master of English Masons until 1443.
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The chisel, in the American Rite, is one of the tools of the Mark Master, and symbolises the effects of education on the human mind. For as the artist, by the aid of this instrument, gives form and regularity to the shapeless mass of stone, so education, by cultivating the ideas and by polishing the thoughts, transforms the ignorant savage into a civilised being.
Albert G Mackay.
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West Wellington St. Alphonsus Church
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North Sea Armed Forces Lodge
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