[Robert] Rosen’s answer to the epistemological form of the question “What is life?” (i.e., “What are the defining characteristics of a natural system for us to perceive it as being alive?”) is … “A material system is an organism if, and only if, it is closed to efficient causation.” This ‘self-sufficiency’ in efficient causation is what we implicitly recognize as the one feature that distinguishes a living system from a nonliving one.
—Aloisius H. Louie, More Than Life Itself: A Synthetic Continuation in Relational Biology
#relationalbiology #livingsystem #life
—Aloisius H. Louie, More Than Life Itself: A Synthetic Continuation in Relational Biology
#relationalbiology #livingsystem #life