Sole attachment method determines sneaker lifespan. Glued soles fail via delamination (adhesive breakdown); vulcanized soles create molecular bonds that last decades. Ka-ryu vulcanization—a Japanese technique from the 1800s—bakes rubber and canvas together at high temperature, making the sole part of the upper.
Shoes Like Pottery and Moonstar Gym Classic both use this process from Kurume factories....
https://bifl.top/footwear/best-shoes/#canvas-sneaker







