For #citations in lit reviews, #APA and #ASA styles both suggest past #tense whereas #Chicagostyle suggests present. Despite this, I can't recall ever seeing past tense used in any #academic #articles or #books, not even in the ASA's flagship #journal, #American #Sociological Review. Even when a standard is explicitly codified, it appears that those doing the codifying don't strictly adhere to it but are not criticized for these oversights.