"The Home Office knew an AI tool that will be used to check the age of small boat migrants was flawed but pressed ahead with its roll-out anyway, The Independent can reveal.
The AI-powered technology, which predicts someone’s age based on their facial features, judges teenagers to be adults in error, according to a leaked report the Home Office tried to withhold.
The secret report also found the technology is least accurate when trying to age migrants from countries such as Eritrea and Sudan – which have the highest number of small boat migrants coming to the UK – amid accusations that the technology has “baked-in racial bias”.
It warned that error rates are particularly high for female child migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, at 4.6 years on average – meaning a 14-year-old girl could be predicted to be an adult.
The report, which was produced in April 2025 by civil servants in charge of the biometrics programme, also warned the tech could be less accurate for people with visible ageing caused by “stress of travel”.
Separately, an audit by Lighthouse Reports of public data on the government’s chosen AI provider shows that its tech misclassified more than a third of 16-year-olds as adults and, in some tests, was shown to give the wrong assessment in 70 per cent of cases.
Scientific advisors to the Home Office have now spoken out for the first time, telling this publication that they felt the government is rushing to adopt the AI tech for political reasons and chose not to consult them to avoid criticism.
Professor Tim Cole, at UCL’s Institute of Child Health, suggested the department is pursuing the technology despite being aware that it is “hideously inaccurate”."
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