Audio Etymologies of the Day

As posted before, “one” comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ói-nos [oinos], like this:

🔊 https://ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/one-from-PIE-h1oinos.wav

The variant form *h₁ói-wos "one" developed into Ossetian иу [ju]:

🔈https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1oiwos-to-Ossetian-yu.wav

Pashto یو yau:
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1oiwos-to-Pashto-yau.wav

and Ancient Greek οἶος hoios “only”:
🔊 https://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h1oiwos-to-AncientGreek-hoios.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Ossetian #Pashto #AncientGreek

Four previously unavailable languages of the Caucasus
— Abkhaz, Avar, Chechen, and Ossetian
— have been made available on Google’s translation service.

Friday’s addition of 110 new languages was the first time new languages of the Caucasus have been included in Google Translate since May 2010,
when Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian were added.
It is also the first time the four new languages have been made available through any machine translation service.

The addition is the latest step in Google’s 1,000 Languages Initiative,
the development of an AI model that Google says will support the 1,000 most spoken languages around the world.
According to Google, the latest additions ‘represent more than 614 million speakers, opening up translations for around 8% of the world’s population’.

The inclusion of Abkhaz, Avar, Chechen, and Ossetian in Google Translate is a major step forward in the efforts to develop digital support for the indigenous languages of the Caucasus, which has so far remained limited.

Very few apps or other software are available in languages other than Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian.

Except for Abkhaz, the four languages are also seldom used in media, administration, or commerce.

Google’s move comes soon after an announcementby Russian technology firm Yandex that they are working to include Abkhaz and the languages of the North Caucasus in their own translation service.

These include Abaza, Circassian, Karachay–Balkar, Nogay, Ossetian, Chechen, and Ingush.
#Abkhaz #Avar #Chechen #Ossetian #Caucasian #translation
https://oc-media.org/abkhaz-avar-chechen-and-ossetian-hit-google-translate/

Abkhaz, Avar, Chechen, and Ossetian hit Google Translate

The additions are the first languages of the Caucasus to be added since Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian were added in 2010.

OC Media

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Swan” comes from Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂ [swenɐ], “to sound” (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-swenh2.wav
(I thus infer that swans of the PIE homeland weren't Mute swans, Cygnus olor 🤓 )

*swenh₂ also developed into Ossetian хонын [xonɨn] “to call, invite”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-swenh2-to-Ossetian-xonyn.wav

Latin sonō, “to sound”, is also from the same root.

Image source: screenshot from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG9fl7C1QiA

#linguistics #etymology #EnglishLanguage #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Ossetian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Six” comes from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱs, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/six-from-PIE-sweks.wav

*sweḱs is from earlier *ḱsweḱs; a surviving outcome of the initial *ḱ is heard in #Ossetian æхсæз akhshazh:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-ksweks-to-Iron-axSaZ.wav

*(ḱ)sweḱs also developed into #Pashto شپږ shpag:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-ksweks-to-Pashto-shpag.wav

and #Persian شش shesh:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-sweks-to-Persian-shesh-shish.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Iranian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Thou”, now rather restricted in its use, comes from Proto-Indo-European *tuh₂ [tuɐ], like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/thou-from-PIE-tua.wav

*tuh₂ [tuɐ] developed into Persian تو tu:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-tua-to-Persian-tu.wav

Balochi تئو tau:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-tua-to-Balochi-tau.wav

Ossetian ды du ~ de:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-tua-to-Iron-dE.wav

German du and French tu are also from this root.

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #acousticphonetics #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Balochi #Ossetian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

At https://www.ancientsounds.net/#five I've just added a bunch of simulations showing how "five" is related to Proto-Indo-Iranian and #Sanskrit पञ्च pancha, from which come #Urdu پانچ panch (borrowed into English “punch”, a drink made of 5 ingredients), #Balochi پنچ‎ panch, #Punjabi ਪੰਜ panj (as in ਪੰਜਾਬ Punj ab “(land of) five rivers”), #Persian پنج‎ panj, European #Romani panzh, #Ossetian фондз fondz and #Pashto پنځه pinza.

And #Welsh pump, which is not Indo-Iranian obvs.

Audio Etymological Lexicon

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Sore" and "sorry" come from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ei-ro- [sairo], like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/sore-from-PIE-sh2eiro.wav
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/sorry-from-PIE-sh2eiro.wav

*sh₂ei-ro- is a form of *sh₂ei- [sai] “afflict, bind”, which developed into Latvian saiklis “string, band, connection”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-sh2ei-to-Latvian-saiklis.wav
and Ossetian хид khid “bridge” → Hungarian híd
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-sh2ei-to-Ossetian-khid.wav

@linguistics #linguistics #etymology #englishlanguage #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Ossetian #Latvian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Salve" comes from Proto-Indo-European *solp-, like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/salve-from-PIE-solp.wav

The related form *selp- developed into Ossetian царв tsarv “clarified butter”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-selp-to-Ossetian-tsarv.wav

The label on this photograph says "Iron Tsarv" in cyrillic letters. "Iron" (pronounced Ih-ron, like "Iran" but with a rounded vowel in the second syllable), means "Ossetian", and is cognate with "Iran".

@linguistics #etymology #phonetics #ProtoIndoEuropean #Ossetian