@Inquiry @Harishjosev

Yes, another version of #CSPeirce’s triad is #WRAshby’s distinction between #Machine (object, observed phenomenon), #System (a finite set of variables and their relationships selected by the #Observer), and the #Model created by the observer to describe or/and #Control the machine.

However, I was speaking about the different phenomena (machines) and their controllability.
Mere #Physical (static or dynamic) #Structures driven by known (discoverable, invariant) #NaturalLaws as opposed to emergent #DynamicalSystems that are under the influence of arbitrary, local #Rules as explained by #HHPattee.

@Inquiry @Harishjosev

Physics and other “exact” sciences are “easy” as they deal with #Structures and the invariant, universal and inexorable #NaturalLaws that make them #controllable by inputs from the outside.

#Systems are different. Their main purpose is to enforce their own local set of temporary and arbitrary system #Rules which are not applied from the outside, as Laws are, but are rather the emergent result of the system’s organization, history, and operation.