SplinesMar 13, 2025
#Milestone9 - #ArcadeIntercolumniation #Keystone and #Modillion

#Arch without Pedestal https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/803615973439041638

#Arch with #Pedestal and Keystone https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/804537414363507454

#Keystone and #Dentil Details https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/804548474524642209

#Modillion Details https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/805587292338863257

#ModernEntablature with Detail https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/805607059171193759

#Milestone8 - #SimpleIntercolumniation https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/803106316515798367

#Milestone7 - Complete #IonicOrder https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/800050647761776920

#Milestone6 — #Braids #3StrandBraids https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/799602946527813102

#Milestone5 — #EggsAndDarts https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/797069447808333887

#Milestone4 — #IonicScroll https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/795361973789834465

#Milestone3 — #IonicColumn https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/792803978865652429

#Milestone2 — Classic #IonicEntablature https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/791021871062069787

#Milestone1 — #IonicPedestal https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/790752092700055739
Splines (@Splines@pixelfed.social)

#Arcade #Intercolumniation without #Pedestal In https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/803089629244302486, we saw #simpleIntercolumniation, also known as #Architravato. Roman architects combined columns with walls thick enough to bury half of the column width inside the walls and added arches to them for better load distribution. An arcade (multiple arches) can be run in series along a single wall, or in parallel to form a walkway. They can also be combined in both series and parallel configurations, perhaps the most famous of which is the #Colosseum in Rome. In the Colosseum, the outer walls follow an elliptical curve (even though it looks circular from the outside), and it has multiple tiers of arches in series. The interior has arches in concentric passageways in the lower tiers giving it a lattice-like design. Because arches distribute the load from above, they allow for wider intercolumniation. The rules for #ArcadeIntercolumniation differ depending on whether the columns have pedestals or not. Besides the arch itself, which is part of the wall, the figure shows some new architectural elements. The narrow part of the wall immediately behind a column is known as a #pier. The visible face of a pier between a column and the opening under the arch is known as #alette. The base of the pier has a molding, the flat part of which has the same height as the column base (µ) while the rest follows the #fillet and #cavetto or #conge of the #shaft. As we move up the pier, there is a horizontal molding known as #impost just below where the arc of the arch starts. The impost wraps around on the sides of the pier. Around the arc is a circular molding known as #archivolt, the bottom portion of which has a #fascia that is aligned with the face of the wall. The wall itself extends all the way to the top of the #entablature. It is worth noting that the entablature is repeated on the wall. It doesn't end at the columns and has two "outside" corners and one "inside" corner.

Pixelfed
SplinesMar 10, 2025
#Arch with #Ionic #Entablature and #Keystone Detail

The #dentils arrangement we saw in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/791013152244518907 goes well with the classic entablature #profile we saw in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/790888454384861893, and they both go well with #simpleIntercolumniation, also known as #architravato.

However, with arches, the entablature profile has to be adjusted a bit so that the dentils arrangement is as shown here. The shape, size, and gap between individual dentils remains the same, but a crucial difference is that the dentils at the #outer corners touch each other.

As I mentioned in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/803615973439041638, in #arcadeIntercolumniation, the entablature is repeated on the wall behind the half-column. It doesn't end at the columns and has two "outside" corners and one "inside" corner. While the dentils at the outer corners touch each other, there is a single dentil in the inside corner that is shared by both walls.

A bedrock principle of dentils (like that with #flutes and with eggs in the #EggsAndDarts motif) is that when viewed directly from the front or the sides, a dentil must be centered on the column axis. It is this principle that forces us to adjust the profile of the entablature in arcade intercolumniation giving us the arrangement shown here.

The image also shows the detail of the decoration in front of the #keystone. The most easily recognizable component of that is the large #volute, which is the exact same size as the ones on the #capital. The smaller volute is exactly half the size of the larger one. It is mirrored, rotated and put within a bounding rectangle whose height is exactly 2µ (288 units). The channels of both volutes are bridged with #sinusoids derived from half turn of #helix curves that have been flattened.

This motif in the keystone, where volutes of different sizes are combined with sinusoids is very common. It will be seen in the #modillions of the #modernEntablature.
Splines (@Splines@pixelfed.social)

This sketch shows the arrangement of #dentils in the classic variation of the #IonicEntablature. It shows the full layout, but most of the top is obscured by the top portion of the #cornice. Only the outside square shapes are actually visible. Each #dentil has a square "footprint" that is 4 parts by 4 parts (32*32 units) and is 6 parts (48 units) tall. The spacing between each dentil is 2 parts (16 units). Dentils project 4 parts (or 32 units) from the face of the #fascia on which they rest. Each face of the fascia has 7 dentils with the middle dentil laterally centered and directly in front of the column axis. The 2 side dentils are on side faces, and that is apparent in the darker shading in the sketch at https://pixelfed.social/i/web/post/790782316675150160. Take the time to reconcile this with the numbers listed in #Scarlata's #PracticalArchitecture. The 3D reconstruction from the #primaryProfileCurves is very similar to that of the #IonicPedestal, with #extrusion, #mitering, #joining, and #capping planar holes as described in https://pixelfed.social/i/web/post/790645054230337543 — just set the dentils aside, for now. Once you have capped the #planarHoles to get a solid, analyze the edges of the solid in the #CAD program for #nakedEdges and #nonManifoldEdges. Then, extrude the dentils outline (in the top view) to a height of 48 units (in the front view). Now perform a #booleanUnion of the two solid shapes to get the complete #entablature. Finally, check the edges of the solid in the #CAD program AGAIN for #nakedEdges and #nonManifoldEdges. With this, we have finished two of the three main components of the #IonicOrder. There's a modern version of the Ionic entablature with #modillions, which I will describe later. Next, we move on to the biggest, most conspicuous part of the order — the #IonicColumn.

Pixelfed