In vivo Inhibition of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> through Probiotics and Gastrointestinal Commensals: A Critical Review

<p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" dir="auto" id="d7337970e228"> <b> <i>Background:</i> </b> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication is increasingly challenged, due to high antibiotic resistance rates in <i>H. pylori</i> and treatment failure. Consequently, new treatment regimens are needed. Probiotic and gastrointestinal bacteria exert anti- <i>H. pylori</i> activity in vivo, thus being potential add-on candidates for future eradication strategies. <b> <i>Summary:</i> </b> In this review, we summarised the currently available literature for in vivo inhibition of <i>H. pylori</i>. Included studies address anti- <i>H. pylori</i> effects in mouse and rat models caused by potentially beneficial bacteria. Research on literature was further extended to clinical eradication studies in humans. Several bacterial strains, mainly belonging to the <i>Lactobacillus</i> genus, inhibited <i>H. pylori</i> in vivo. In animal studies, probiotic bacteria and commensals reduced <i>H. pylori</i> colonisation and the inflammatory response. Certain probiotic species reduce <i>H. pylori</i> colonisation in humans. <b> <i>Key Messages:</i> </b> Probiotic and gastrointestinal commensals are beneficial in <i>H. pylori</i> eradication therapy. Their current role is the reduction of adverse events and <i>H. pylori</i> load. </p>

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