January 31

This day in history:

• 1946 – Cold War: Yugoslavia's new constitution, modeling that of the Soviet Union, establishes six constituent republics (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia).
• 1957 – Eight people (five total crew from two aircraft and three on the ground) in Pacoima, California are killed following the mid-air collision between a Douglas DC-7 airliner and a Northrop F-89 Scorpion fighter jet.
• 1266 – The Mudéjar of Murcia, who had rebelled against the Crown of Castile during the Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266, surrender the city to James I of Aragon after a siege lasting a month.
• 1942 – World War II: Allied forces are defeated by the Japanese at the Battle of Malaya and retreat to Singapore.

Births:

• 1977 – Kerry Washington, American actress
• 2000 – Julián Álvarez, Argentine footballer
• 1959 – Kelly Lynch, American model and actress

Deaths:

• 1435 – Xuande, emperor of China (b. 1398)
• 1606 – Thomas Wintour, English Gunpowder Plot conspirator (b. 1571)
• 2013 – Rubén Bonifaz Nuño, Mexican poet and scholar (b. 1923)

Holidays:

• Independence Day (Nauru), celebrates independence from Australia in 1968.
• Street Children's Day (Austria)
• Amartithi (Meherabad, India, followers of Meher Baba)

Random Article of the day:

Scoparia dulcis

In 1867, the four bronze lions at the base of Nelson's column in Trafalgar Square, London, were completed by painter Sir Edwin Landseer and put in position.

10 weird and wonderful things which happened on 31 January:

https://topicaltens.blogspot.com/2022/01/31-january.html

#onthisday #OnThisDate #otd #ThisDayInHistory #31January #January31

In All Directions

joy is feeling
looking upwards
skies enrapture
the sorry self
and its grievance

+++ 👇

https://pixelfed.social/p/poligraf/659845906719100988?fs=1

#365joys #joy #poetry #poems #winter #trees #quebec #directions #Memories #January2021 #January31

January 31

This day in history:

• 1504 – The Treaty of Lyon ends the Italian War, confirming French domination of northern Italy, while Spain receives the Kingdom of Naples.
• 1578 – Eighty Years' War and Anglo-Spanish War: The Battle of Gembloux is a victory for Spanish forces led by Don John of Austria over a rebel army of Dutch, Flemish, English, Scottish, German, French and Walloons.
• 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.

Births:

• 1921 – Mario Lanza, American tenor and actor (d. 1959)
• 1938 – James G. Watt, American lawyer and politician, 43rd United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 2023)
• 1961 – Lloyd Cole, English singer-songwriter and guitarist

Deaths:

• 1398 – Sukō, emperor of Japan (b. 1334)
• 632 – Máedóc of Ferns, Irish bishop and saint (b. 550)
• 1418 – Mircea I, prince of Wallachia (b. 1355)

Random Article of the day:
Callistodermatium

Callistodermatium is a fungal genus in the family Tricholomataceae. It is a monotypic genus, and contains the single species Callistodermatium violascens. The holotype was found in Brazil, and described by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1981.

January 31

This day in history:

• 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief of all Confederate armies.
• 1865 – American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery, and submits it to the states for ratification.
• 1891 – History of Portugal: The first attempt at a Portuguese republican revolution breaks out in the northern city of Porto.

Births:

• 1597 – John Francis Regis, French priest and saint (d. 1640)
• 1543 – Tokugawa Ieyasu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1616)
• 1512 – Henry, King of Portugal (d. 1580)

Deaths:

• 1216 – Theodore II, patriarch of Constantinople
• 876 – Hemma of Altdorf, Frankish queen
• 1435 – Xuande, emperor of China (b. 1398)

Random Article of the day:
Hammer Bridge

The Hammer Bridge is a 220 metres (722 ft) long railway bridge on the Weser Valley line crossing the Geul valley a few hundred meters to the south of Hergenrath.
Today it is in the German speaking part of Belgium. Before frontier changes mandated in 1919 shifted the frontier between Belgium and Germany approximately 36 km (23 miles) along the railway line in a southerly direction the bridge was in Germany. Back in 1841 when work started on the first railway bridge at this point, it was located in the Rhine Province of Prussia.The bridge was replaced twice, most recently in 1997/99 in order to take the extra weight of the new high-speed train route into which the bridge has now been incorporated.

January 31

This day in history:

• 1504 – The Treaty of Lyon ends the Italian War, confirming French domination of northern Italy, while Spain receives the Kingdom of Naples.
• 1578 – Eighty Years' War and Anglo-Spanish War: The Battle of Gembloux is a victory for Spanish forces led by Don John of Austria over a rebel army of Dutch, Flemish, English, Scottish, German, French and Walloons.
• 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.

Births:

• 1597 – John Francis Regis, French priest and saint (d. 1640)
• 1543 – Tokugawa Ieyasu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1616)
• 1512 – Henry, King of Portugal (d. 1580)

Deaths:

• 1892 – Charles Spurgeon, English pastor and author (b. 1834)
• 1632 – Jost Bürgi, Swiss clockmaker and mathematician (b. 1552)
• 1900 – John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry, Scottish nobleman (b. 1844)

Random Article of the day:
Seniorectus

Seniorectus (died February 1137) was the abbot of Montecassino in the early twelfth century.
Seniorectus was opposed to the policy of Roger II of Sicily, who intended in the late summer of 1136 to establish a garrison in Montecassino under the chamberlain Joscelin and chancellor Guarin, as defense against the invading armies of the Emperor Lothair II and Henry X of Bavaria. On 5 January 1137, Guarin demanded their assistance and when refused besieged the monastery in an attempt to seize its treasure and its walls. The abbot contracted an illness during the siege and died a few months later. While Parlamocchi places the rebellion of Seniorectus and the attempted garrisoning of Montecassino in 1134, this hypothesis is refuted by the presence of Joscelin in the chronicle of Peter the Deacon: Joscelin being appointed chamberlain only in October 1135.

January 31

This day in history:
1846 – After the Milwaukee Bridge War, the United States towns of Juneautown and Kilbourntown unify to create the City of Milwaukee.
1609 – Wisselbank of Amsterdam established
1865 – American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery, and submits it to the states for ratification.

Births:
1929 – Jean Simmons, English-American actress (d. 2010)
1976 – Traianos Dellas, Greek footballer and manager
1968 – Patrick Stevens, Belgian sprinter

Deaths:
1790 – Thomas Lewis, Irish-born American lawyer and surveyor (b. 1718)
1815 – José Félix Ribas, Venezuelan soldier (b. 1775)
1686 – Jean Mairet, French playwright (b. 1604)

Random Article of the day:
Carbureted compression ignition model engine

A carbureted compression ignition model engine, popularly known as a model diesel engine, is a simple compression ignition engine made for model propulsion, usually model aircraft but also model boats. These are quite similar to the typical glow-plug engine that runs on a mixture of methanol-based fuels with a hot wire filament to provide ignition. Despite their name, their use of compression ignition, and the use of a kerosene fuel that is similar to diesel, model diesels share very little with full-size diesel engines.