My reflections on finishing my first year as a teaching assistant #highschool #Englishteacher

https://thebookstop.wordpress.com/2026/06/12/reflections-on-finishing-my-first-year-of-teaching/

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Engleska gramatika: upotreba Present Simple i Present Continuous vremena

Ovaj tekst je, uz manje izmene, dostupan i u engleskoj verziji.

Present Simple i Present Continuous dva su sadašnja vremena u engleskom prilikom čije upotrebe učenici često prave gramatičke greške. Nije ni čudo, jer u južnoslovenskim jezicima njihove funkcije obavlja jedno te isto vreme – prezent. 

U ovom tekstu preći ćemo kroz osnovne razlike u njihovoj upotrebi, a na kraju vas čeka i kratak test kroz koji možete da provežbate ovu lekciju.

Ako ste u dilemi koje od ova dva vremena da upotrebite u rečenici, razmislite o sledećem:

I. Da li govorite o nečemu što je privremeno ili je pak stalno i nepromenljivo?

Za radnje koje su stalne i nepromenljive, koristite Present Simple:

I work as a teacher. I teach English. (“Radim kao nastavnik. Predajem engleski.”)

Za radnje koje su privremene, koristite Present Continuous:

I’m on holidays: I’m not working this week, I’m visiting my friends. (“Na odmoru sam: ne radim ove nedelje, u poseti sam kod prijatelja.”

II. Da li se radnja koju opisujete odvija u trenutku govorenja, ili je vaš iskaz opšteg karaktera?

Kada govorite uopšteno, koristite Present Simple:

I love books – I read at least one every week. (“Volim knjige – čitam najmanje jednu nedeljno.”

Water boils at 100°C. (“Voda ključa na 100°C.”)

Ukoliko se radnja odvija u trenutku govorenja, koristite Present Continuous:

Don’t interrupt me now, I’m reading a really exciting book. (“Ne prekidaj me sad, čitam veoma zanimljivu knjigu.”)

The water in the kettle is boiling now. (“Voda u čajniku ključa.”)

III. Da je glavni glagol u rečenici glagol radnje ili stanja?

Opšte je pravilo da glagoli stanja retko i samo u izuzetnim slučajevima mogu da se koriste u Present Continuous vremenu (više o tome kasnije). Drugim rečima, ako ne opisujete neku radnju nego stanje, koristite Present Simple bez obzira na prethodno navedena pravila.

I think this lesson is very easy. (“Mislim da je ova lekcija veoma laka.” Ja to mislim sada, ali glagol think u značenju “mislim”, “smatram”, spada u glagole stanja te se u ovom kontekstu ne koristi u Present Continuous vremenu.)

I own a small house by the sea. (“Posedujem malu kuću pored mora.” Slično prethodnom primeru, ja jesam sada vlasnik, ali glagoli posedovanja poput “to own” i “to have” takođe spadaju u glagole stanje i ne koriste se u Present Continuous-u.)

Ovo su još neki od veoma čestih glagola stanja u engleskom: believe, belong, contain, depend, exist, know, mean, need, prefer, remember, understand. Kao što vidite, nijedan od njih ne izražava neku aktivnost i stoga, čak i kada opisujemo nešto što važi u trenutku govorenja, uz sve njih koristimo Present Simple.

VAŽNE NAPOMENE VEZANE ZA GLAGOLE STANJA

Jedna stvar koja malo komplikuje situaciju, jeste pojava da pojedini glagoli stanja mogu da budu upotrebljeni kao glagoli radnje (i obrnuto), uz promenu značenja:

THINK

I think this is interesting. (“Mislim da je ovo zanimljivo.” – glagol to think u smislu “misliti”, “smatrati” se doživljava kao stanje > Present Simple)

I’m thinking very hard about this problem. (“Mnogo razmišljam o ovom problemu.” – uz predlog about ovaj glagol malo pomera značenje: “razmišljati” o nečemu se više ne doživljava kao stanje, već kao radnja > Present Continuous.)

COME

Evo još jednog primera: glagol to come je najčešće glagol radnje, ali može da bude upotrebljen i kao glagol stanja:

I come from Europe. (“Dolazim iz Evrope.” Tamo živim, ovo je činjenično stanje > Present Simple)

I’m coming from Europe. (“Dolazim iz Evrope.” Prevod na srpski je isti kao da stoji Present Simple, ali upotrebom ovog vremena govornik implicira da se upravo vraća sa puta gde je privremeno bio, a inače živi negde drugde; možemo da ga prevedemo i kao “stižem.”)

BE

Pomoćni glagol to be (“biti”) sam po sebi jeste glagol stanja, ali čak i on može da bude upotrebljen u Present Continuous vremenu, u specifičnom kontekstu:

He is a very good boy (“On je jako dobar dečak…” – inače, to je njegovo uobičajeno svojstvo), but today he is being impossible (“…ali danas je nemoguć.” – Present Continuous za trenutno ili privremeno, svakako nekarakteristično ponašanje).

Slično ovom poslednjem primeru, mnogi drugi glagoli stanja mogu da se koriste u Present Continuous-u kada govorimo o nečemu što nije uopšteno, nego je ograničeno na konkretnu situaciju u kojoj se nalazimo:

LOVE

I love parties. (“Volim žurke” – upotrebom Present Simple-a govornik sugeriše da ih inače voli)

This party is so cool, I’m loving it! (“Ova žurka je super, baš uživam.”)

HAVE

Ranije smo pomenuli glagol to have kao glagol stanja. Međutim, u brojnim glagolskim frazama on se faktički pretvara u glagol radnje i u tom slučaju može da se koristi u Present Continuous-u:

I have a lot of pets. (“Imam mnogo kućnih ljubimaca.” – to have u značenju “imati”, posedovati” je glagol stanja > Present Simple)

I can’t go out now, I’m having lunch. (“Ne mogu sada da idem napolje, ručam.” – glagolska fraza to have lunch, “ručati” nije stanje nego radnja; ukoliko se odvija u trenutku govorenja, upotrebićemo Present Continuous)

I can’t answer the phone, I’m having a shower. (“Ne mogu da se javim na telefon, tuširam se.” – isti slučaj kao u prethodnom primeru: u datoj glagolskoj frazi, to have a shower označava radnju, ne stanje)

Možete sada da uradite jedan kratak gramatički test na ovu temu. Ukoliko imate bilo kakvih nedoumica, postavite pitanje ispod, u polju za komentare.

Grammar practice: the causative have

In this post we’ll do a bit of grammar practice on a special use of the verb ‘have’, namely the causative have.

This structure is used when you want to say that you didn’t do something by yourself, but they you’ve simply arranged (i.e. caused) for someone else to do it for you.

It always follows the following pattern: have + object + Past Participle

Compare these two examples:

I have washed my car. – This is Present Perfect, where ‘have’ is the auxiliary verb. The sentence says that I washed the car by myself – ‘I’ is the subject.

I had my car washed. – Look at the pattern, with the object between the causative have and the Past Participle. This sentence implies that I asked someone else to wash the car for me.

Here’s another typical example:

I have cut my hair. – I did it myself.

I had my hair cut. – Someone else did it, presumably a hairdresser.

You can use the causative have in different tenses. For example:

I‘m having my hair cut. (I’m at the hairdresser’s right now.)

I‘ve had my hair cut. (Someone’s done it for me at some point in the past.)

I’m going to have my hair cut. (I intend to ask someone to do it.)

I’m sure this wasn’t very difficult. You can now click here to complete a simple grammar quiz on this topic.