The third possible cause is cause for concern:
"If the cloud-related albedo decline was caused not solely by internal variability, the 2023 extra heat may be here to stay and Earth’s climate sensitivity may be closer to the upper range of current estimates."
"Restoring tree cover changes albedo, which is the fraction of sunlight reflected from the Earth’s surface. In most locations, these changes in albedo offset or even negate the carbon removal benefits... it is possible to find places that provide net-positive climate mitigation benefits in all biomes... on-the-ground projects are concentrated in these more climate-positive locations... the majority still face at least a 20% albedo offset."
Restoring tree cover is a prominent climate solution but can cause global warming due to changes in albedo. This paper maps albedo and carbon changes from restoring tree cover to highlight where the greatest net climate benefits can be achieved.
"The combination of strong local-scale control of low clouds by Vsfc and SST together with large-scale coupling of surface wind and SST gradients opens up a rich array of possibilities for climate feedbacks over multiple time scales, coupling local cloud changes to the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean."
#CloudAlbedo
#CloudClimateFeedback
#EarthAlbedo
#ClimateResearch
https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/36/6/JCLI-D-22-0410.1.xml
Doug Bostrom