🧵 Why wasn't classical PKI sufficient for European digital credentials?
DC4EU validated the answer: HYBRID model combining classical PKI + Verifiable Data Registries (VDRs) powered by EBSI.
📊 28 institutions across 10 European countries successfully implemented this approach in Pilot2.
Documented classical PKI limitations:
→ Cross-border interoperability requires bilateral agreements
→ "Phone home" enables credential usage surveillance