@bovine3dom Most Western European farmland is highly-optimised. That would include FR, NL, DE, CH, DK, and probably ES, IT. Nordic countries are effectively fucked for domestic grains production, though they do well for fisheries.

The sustainable energy situation is extrordinarily technical and complex. For an excellent national-level assessment that's appropriate for most of the EU, though it's based on the UK, see the late David MacKay's Sustainable Energy --- Without the hot air. One of his key points is that every BIG bit helps --- small measures such as unplugging personal electronics and televisions are utterly specious. Indigenous energy sufficiency in the UK would require vast renewables infrastructure and tremendous efficiency improvements and net energy curtailments.

Renewables-based imports (e.g., long-distance power transmission from the Sahara, synfuels, or imports of energy-intensive goods) are all but certain to be part of such a mix.

Again: absent marginal intances, ag+solar is a nonstarter. Urban/built infrastructure, floating deployments, and imports are far more sane. To the point this isn't worth discussing. I strongly recommend your reading MacKay.

#DavidMacKay #SustainableEnergyWithoutTheHotAir