It seems that #chntpw still works for #Windows10. But it can only clear / reset the password of an existing user. It cannot set a password or create a new user.
Update:
I have seen that Grzegorz Tworek created a proof of concept #OfflineSAM to change the #SAM database:
https://github.com/gtworek/PSBits/tree/master/OfflineSAM
I'd like to change a password of a local account on Windows 10.
Can #chntpw still do the job in 2025 (with #SAM)?
I have read that Windows Defender blocks some changes like #sethc, #utilman and so on ...
#Windows #Linux #Windows10 #WindowsDefender #MicrosoftDefender #infosec #fedihelp
I've used chntpw numerous times, the most recent being earlier this week when two PCs "mysteriously" disappeared from Active Directory. LAPS changes the local admin password, but since the machine objects were missing, LAPS UI was useless in getting the machines' admin password. #foss #floss
Modifying #Windows local accounts with #Fedora and #chntpw - Fedora Magazine
https://fedoramagazine.org/modifying-windows-local-accounts-with-fedora-and-chntpw/
Torsten 
OSTechNix
ClaudioM