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Oreshnik, the Russian missile that can strike all over Europe.
AGI - "Oreshnik" is a medium-range ballistic missile, used by Russia against Ukraine (most recently in the night between Saturday and Sunday) and, according to the Kremlin, a “cutting-edge” weapon that cannot be intercepted.
“The Oreshnik missile can strike targets across all of Europe”
Launched for the first time at the Ukrainian city of Dnipro in 2024, it literally means ‘nut’, but it can be armed with a nuclear warhead. It is a medium-range missile, meaning it can reach targets between 3,000 and 5,500 kilometers away.
Sergei Karakayev, commander of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces, which control the nuclear arsenal and the intercontinental ballistic missile program, stated that the Oreshnik can strike targets “across all of Europe.”
The missile has also been deployed in Belarus
Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, Putin’s key ally, announced in December that it had been deployed in his country, which borders the eastern flank of NATO.
Putin: “It’s impossible to intercept the Oreshnik missile”
It is “impossible” for modern air defenses to intercept the Oreshnik, which attacks at a speed of Mach 10, that is, 2.5-3 kilometers per second, Putin stated. Experts say the missile can travel at hypersonic speeds, but it cannot be maneuvered like typical hypersonic missiles.
Hypersonic speed
“As with other intermediate and intercontinental ballistic missiles, its warheads enter the atmosphere and reach their targets at hypersonic speeds,” said Marcin Andrzej Piotrowski, an analyst at the Polish Institute of International Affairs “but unlike hypersonic weapons, the warheads of the Oreshnik did not perform any hypersonic maneuvers, which would complicate the operation of missile defense systems.”
The Oreshnik does not fall into the category of intercontinental ballistic missiles (with a range greater than 5,500 km). However, if launched from Far Eastern Russia, it could theoretically reach targets on the western coast of the United States. Until 2019, Russia and the United States could not deploy such missiles based on the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF), signed in 1987 during the Cold War. However, in 2019, US President Donald Trump withdrew Washington from the treaty, accusing Moscow of violating it, opening the way for a new arms race.
“A reserve of ready-to-use missiles”
By the end of 2024, during a televised meeting with military officials, Putin assured that Moscow had a reserve of these missiles “ready for use.” According to the Pentagon, the Oreshnik “is based on the Russian RS-26 Rubezh intercontinental ballistic missile,” which itself is derived from the “RS-24 Yars.” The RS-26 Rubezh missile program, whose first successful test was in 2012, was frozen in 2018, according to the Russian state news agency Tass.
It had suffered from a lack of resources to implement this project “simultaneously” with the development of the next-generation Avangard hypersonic systems, which were to be able to reach a target virtually anywhere in the world.
According to Putin, the Oreshnik missile can reach a speed of Mach 10, “that is, from 2.5 to 3 kilometers per second” (approximately 12,350 km/h), and “the temperature of the impact elements reaches 4,000 degrees Celsius,” which, in his words, is “almost equal” to the temperature of the surface of the sun.
Analysis by Ukrainian intelligence
According to the Ukrainian military intelligence (GRU), the speed achieved by the missile at the end of November 2024 “in the final part of its trajectory” was “above Mach 11” (approximately 13,600 km/h). The Oreshnik is also equipped with multiple warheads, each of which will follow an independent trajectory once it enters the atmosphere, which would further increase the difficulty of interception, according to the Russian president.
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https://www.agi.it/estero/news/2026-05-24/missile-oreshnik-russia-ucraina-europa-37212148/
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