@climatenewsnow

quote from article:
"Strangely enough, Kultima and colleagues found that the odds of developing MS in patients with a gene variant tied to a lower risk of the disease were instead much higher if they had been exposed to greater levels of PFOS.

In fact, with increasing PFOS exposure, participants with this gene variant had a greater than fourfold higher risk of developing MS.

"This indicates that there is a complex interaction between inheritance and environmental exposure linked to the odds of MS," explains Kultima."

That's really interesting.

from the research article:
"This study observed a significant interaction between PFAS exposure, specifically PFOS, and the HLA class I alleles HLA-B*44:02. Although HLA-B*44:02 has been described as protective, carriers exposed to higher PFOS levels exhibited a stronger association with increased odds of MS. While the mechanism remains unclear, PFAS may modulate immune function by affecting cytokine signaling, redox balance, or antigen processing pathways, thereby potentially influencing the repertoire of peptides presented by HLA molecules. In the context of HLA-B*44:02, such environmental modulation could alter the activation threshold of autoreactive CD8+ T cells or affect regulatory cell function."
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109993

Endoplasmic reticulum stress could be added to the list of possible mechanisms.

#MultipleSclerosis #PFAS #immunology #AutoimmuneDisease